Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄÆÚ¿¯ÔÚͶ¸åʱҪÇóÈôÊÇÉæ¼°¶¯ÎïʵÑéµÄÑо¿£¬±ØÐè»ñÈ¡×÷ÕßËùÔÚ»ú¹¹µÄ¶¯Îï¾ì×¢¼°Ê¹ÓÃίԱ»á£¨IACUC£© µÄÔÊÐí£¬·½¿ÉÌá½»¸å¼þ¡£ÔÚ¡°ÖÊÁÏÓëÒªÁ족²¿·Ö°üÀ¨ IACUC µÄÔÊÐíÉùÃ÷£¬²¢Ó¦ÒªÇóÌṩ IACUC ÉóÅú״̬µÄ¼Í¼Îļþ¡£
Õâ˵Ã÷ÔÚʵÑ鶯ÎïʹÓÃÓëÑо¿ÖеĶ¯Î︣ÀûÔ½À´Ô½±»ÖØÊÓ¡£ÄÇô¶¯Î︣Àû¾¿¾¹ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿ËÀ´ÆÀ¹ÀºÍ¼àÊÓ£¿IACUCÊÇÔõÑù°Ñ¹ØµÄ£¿
¶¯ÎïʵÑéµÄЧ¹ûÓëʵÑ鶯ÎïµÄ״̬ϢϢÏà¹Ø£¬Êܵ½¸÷·½ÃæÒòËصÄÓ°Ï죺¶¯Îï×ÔÉíÊÇ·ñ¿µ½¡¡¢ËÇÑøÇéÐÎÊÇ·ñºÏÊÊ¡¢¶¯ÎïÇéÐ÷ÊÇ·ñÎȹ̡¢ÓªÑøÇéÐÎÊÇ·ñÓÅÒì¡¢¶¯ÎïʵÑéÊÖÒÕÊÇ·ñÏȽøµÈµÈ¡£ÈôÊÇʵÑ鶯ÎïµÄ»ù±¾ÉúÑÄÐèÇ󲻿ɱ»Öª×㣬ʹËüÃÇÉúÑÄÔÚÍ´¿àµÄÓ¦¼¤×´Ì¬Ï£¬ÄÇôËüÃÇÔÚʵÑéÖоͻáÓв»Õý³£µÄ·´Ó¦£¬Ñо¿Ö°Ô±»ñµÃµÄʵÑéЧ¹û¾Í²»¿É°ü¹Ü׼ȷ¿É¿¿¡£½ö´ÓʵÑéЧ¹ûµÄ׼ȷ¿ÆѧÕâÒ»·½ÃæÀ´Ëµ£¬¾Í±ØÐèʹÓñê×¼»¯Éú²úµÄʵÑ鶯Î±ØÐè°ü¹ÜʵÑ鶯ÎïµÄ¸£Àû¡£
¼òÆÓµÄÀ´Ëµ£¬¾ÍÊÇÉÆ´ýʵÑ鶯ÎÔÚËÇÑøÖÎÀíºÍʹÓÃʵÑ鶯ÎïÀú³ÌÖУ¬Òª½ÓÄÉÓÐÓò½·¥£¬Ê¹ÊµÑ鶯ÎïÃâÔâ²»ÐëÒªµÄΣÏÕ¡¢¼¢¿Ê¡¢²»ÊÊ¡¢¿Ö»Å¡¢ÕÛÄ¥¡¢¼²²¡ºÍÌÛÍ´£¬°ü¹Ü¶¯ÎïÄܹ»ÊµÏÖ×ÔÈ»ÐÐΪ£¬Êܵ½ÓÅÒìµÄÖÎÀíÓëÕÕÁÏ£¬ÎªÆäÌṩÇå½à¡¢Ìñ¾²µÄÉúÑÄÇéÐΣ¬Ìṩ¸»×ãµÄ¡¢°ü¹Ü¿µ½¡µÄʳÎï¡¢ÒûË®£¬×èÖ¹»ò¼õÇáÌÛÍ´ºÍÍ´¿àµÈ¡£
¶¯Î︣ÀûÖеġ°3R¡±ÔÔòReduction£¨ïÔÌ£©
Ö¸ÔÚ¿ÆѧÑо¿ÖУ¬Ê¹ÓýÏÉÙÁ¿µÄ¶¯Îï»ñȡͬÑù¶àµÄÊÔÑéÊý¾Ý»òʹÓ᪶¨ÃüÄ¿µÄ¶¯ÎïÄÜ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àʵÑéÊý¾ÝµÄ¿ÆѧҪÁì¡£
Replacement£¨Ìæ»»£©
ָʹÓõÍÆ·¼¶¶¯ÎïÈ¡´ú¸ßÆ·¼¶¶¯Î»òʹÓÃûÓÐÖª¾õµÄÊÔÑéÖÊÁÏÈ¡´úÒÔÍùʹÓÃÉñÖ¾ËÕÐѵĻîµÄ¼¹×µ¶¯Î»òʹÓÃÖÖÖÖÌåÍâÊÖÒÕºÍÒªÁì¶ø²»±Ø¶¯Îï¾ÙÐÐÊÔÑé»òÑо¿£¬ÒÔµÖ´ïij¡ªÊÔÑéÄ¿µÄ¡£
Refinement£¨ÓÅ»¯£©
ָͨ¹ý¸ÄÉƶ¯ÎïÉèÊ©¡¢ËÇÑøÖÎÀíºÍʵÑéÌõ¼þ£¬¾«Ñ¡ÊµÑ鶯Îï¡¢ÊÖÒÕõ辶ºÍʵÑéÊֶΣ¬ÓÅ»¯ÊµÑé²Ù×÷ÊÖÒÕ£¬Ö»¹ÜïÔÌʵÑéÀú³Ì¶Ô¶¯Îï»úÌåµÄËðÉË£¬¼õÇᶯÎïÍ´¿àºÍÓ¦¼¤·´Ó¦£¬Ê¹¶¯ÎïʵÑéµÃ³öµÄ¿ÆѧЧ¹ûµÄÒªÁì¡£°üÀ¨ÊµÑ鶯ÎïÉú²úºÍʵÑ鶯ÎïʹÓÃÁ½¸ö·½Ãæ¡£
ȨÍþÈÏÖ¤»ú¹¹
Ìá¼°¶¯Î︣Àû£¬ÓÐÒ»¸ö»ú¹¹²»µÃ²»±»ÌáÆð£¬ÄǾÍÊÇAAALAC£¨The Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International£©¡£
AAALAC International ÊÇÒ»¸ö˽ӪµÄ¡¢·ÇÕþ¸®×éÖ¯£¬Ëüͨ¹ý×ÔÔ¸µÄÆÀ¹ÀºÍÈÏÖ¤Ôö½øÔÚ¿ÆѧÁìÓòÈËÐÔ¿´´ý¶¯Îï¡£
È«ÇòÒÑÓм¸°Ù¼ÒÖÆÒ©ºÍÉúÎïÊÖÒÕ¹«Ë¾¡¢´óѧ¡¢Ò½ÔººÍÆäËüÑо¿»ú¹¹»ñµÃÁË AAALAC International ÈÏÖ¤£¬Õ¹Ê¾ÁËËûÃǶÔÓÐÈÏÕæµØÕչ˻¤Ê¿ºÍʹÓö¯ÎïµÄÔÊÐí¡£ÕâЩ»ú¹¹×ÔÔ¸»ñµÃºÍ¼á³Ö AAALAC International µÄÈÏÖ¤£¬Óɴ˲»µ«×ñÊØÁËÍâµØµÄ¡¢¹ú¼ÒµÄºÍ³¬¹ú¼ÒµÄÓ붯ÎïÑо¿Ïà¹ØµÄÖ´·¨£¬²¢ÇÒÒ²×ñÊØÁ˹ú¼Ê¹«Èϵıê×¼¡£
AAALAC ÔÚÆÀ¹ÀʵÑ鶯ÎïÕչ˻¤Ê¿ºÍʹÓÃÏîĿʱ½ÓÄÉ3¸öÖ÷ÒªµÄ±ê×¼£º
¡ª¡¶ÊµÑ鶯ÎïÕչ˻¤Ê¿ºÍʹÓÃÖ¸ÄÏ¡·£¨Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals £©£¬¼ò³Æ Guide£¬NRC 2011
¡ª¡¶Å©ÒµÊµÑ鶯ÎïÕչ˻¤Ê¿ºÍʹÓÃÖ¸ÄÏ¡·£¨Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching (Ag Guide)£©£¬FASS 2010
¡ª¡¶¡°Å·ÖÞ±£»¤ÓÃÓÚʵÑéºÍÆäËû¿ÆѧĿµÄµÄ¼¹×µ¶¯ÎïµÄÌõÔ¼¡±¡·£¬ Å·ÖÞÀíÊ»ᣨETS123£©¡£
Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬ÄĸöʵÑ鶯Îï»ú¹¹Í¨¹ýÁË AAALAC µÄÈÏÖ¤ºÍÆÀ¹À¾Í˵Ã÷¸Ã»ú¹¹ÌṩµÄ¶¯ÎïʹÓúͿ´»¤ÊÇÇкϹú¼ÊÉÏÈϿɵģ¬ÇÒÌṩµÄʵÑ鶯ÎïÊÇÇк϶¯ÎïÂ×ÀíµÄ£¬ÇÐºÏ Guide ÒªÇóµÄ£¬Êǹ淶±ê×¼»¯µÄʵÑ鶯Îï¡£ÔÚ¹ú¼ÊÉϽÒÏþÎÄÕÂʱ£¬¶¯ÎïÂ×Àí·½ÃæÊDZ»ÈϿɵġ£
Ôõô²Å»ªÍ¨¹ý AAALAC¹ú¼ÊÈÏ¿ÉÄØ£¿
¿É²»ÊǵÚÒ»´Î»ñµÃ×ÊÖÊÖ®ºó¾ÍÒ»ÀÍÓÀÒÝÁË£¬AAALAC ÿÈýÄ궼»á¶Ô»ú¹¹¾ÙÐÐÒ»´ÎÏÖ³¡ÆÀÉó£¬Í¨¹ýÆÀÉó²Å»ª¼ÌÐø¼á³Ö×ÊÖÊ¡£²¢ÇÒ»ú¹¹Ã¿Ä껹ÐèÒª°ÑÐÂÔöµÄºÍÓиü¸ÄµÄÄÚÈݵݽ»¸ø AAALAC ¾ÙÐб¸°¸¡£Õû¸öÆÀÉóÀú³ÌºÜÊÇÑÏ¿á²¢ÇÒ¹«Õý¡£
Éí±ßµÄ¼àÊÓÕß ¡ª¡ª IACUC
ÔÚʵÑ鶯ÎïËÇÑø¼°Ê¹ÓõĻú¹¹ÖУ¬ÑÏ¿á×ñÊØ Guide µÄ¼àÊÓÕß¡ª¡ª IACUC £¨Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee£© ÆðןÜÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄ×÷Óã¬ÈÏÕæ¶Ô¶¯Îï¿´»¤ºÍʹÓþÙÐмàÊÓºÍÖÎÀí¡£
ʵÑ鶯ÎïÖ®ÈËÐÔÖÎÀí¼°Ê¹Óã¨PHS£©Õþı»®¶¨£¬Ò»¸ö»ú¹¹µÄIACUCÖÁÉÙÐèÒªÓÐ5Ãû³ÉÔ±£º
Ö÷ϯ¡ª¡ª²©Ñ§µÄÏòµ¼Õߣ¬ÈÏÕæIACUC¸ßЧµÄÔË×÷¡£
ÊÞÒ½¡ª¡ªÔÚʵÑéÊÒ¶¯Îï¿ÆѧºÍҽѧ·½ÃæÓÐÅàѵ»òÂÄÀúµÄÊÞÒ½£¬Ö±½Ó»òÊÚȨÈÏÕæ»ú¹¹ÄÚËùÓж¯ÎïÏà¹ØµÄÔ˶¯¡£
Ñо¿Ö°Ô±¡ª¡ªÓж¯ÎïʵÑéÂÄÀúµÄ¿Æѧ¼Ò£¬ÏÖʵÔËÓÃʵÑ鶯Îï¾ÙÐпÆѧӦÓá£
·Ç¿ÆÑÐÖ°Ô±¡ª¡ª·Ç¿ÆѧÁìÓòµÄ³ÉÔ±£¬Ëû¿ÉÒÔÊÇ״ʦ¡¢Â×Àíѧ¼Ò¡¢Í¼ÊéÖÎÀíÔ±µÈµÈ¡£
¹«ÖÚÈËÊ¿¡ª¡ªÓë»ú¹¹²»±£´æÈκιØÁªµÄ³ÉÔ±£¬±í´ïÍâÐй«ÖÚÕûÌåµÄÒâ¼û£¬ÓÐÖúÓÚίԱ»áÉó²é»úÖƵĿ͹ÛÐÔÓë¿íÀ«ÐÔµÄά³Ö¡£
IACUC ÿÄêÐèÒª¶ÔÕýÔÚ¾ÙÐеÄʵÑé¾ÙÐÐÉóºË£¬Ã¿°ëÄê¶ÔËùÓÐÉæ¼°µ½ÊµÑ鶯ÎïµÄÉèÊ©ºÍÇøÓò¾ÙÐÐѲÊÓ²¢ÕûÀí³É¼Í¼£¬¶Ô IO £¨institutional office£©¾ÙÐл㱨¡£ÉóºËµÄÄÚÈÝÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨£º
IACUC ³ÉÔ±¶ÔÿһÏÎïµÄʹÓÃÍýÏ붼Ҫ¾ÙÐÐÑÏ¿áµÄÆÀÉó£¬Í¨Êºó¸øÓè IACUC ÉóÅú±àºÅ£¬²Å¿ÉÒÔ¾ÙÐпÆѧÑо¿£»²»¿Éͨ¹ýµÄÔòÐèÒªÖØÐÂÐÞ¸ÄʵÑéÍýÏë¡£
Ò»·ÝʵÑ鶯ÎïʹÓÃÍýÏëÊéÒ»Ñùƽ³£°üÀ¨ÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º
1. Ö÷ÒªÈÏÕæÈË/ÏîÄ¿ÈÏÕæÈË
2. ÆäËûÑо¿Ö°Ô±
3. ÏîÄ¿ÐÅÏ¢
ÏîÄ¿Ãû³Æ»ò±àºÅ
Ô¤¼ÆÆô¶¯ÈÕÆÚ
Ô¤¼Æ¿¢ÊÂÈÕÆÚ
ÏîÄ¿ÀàÐÍ
ËÇÑøÇøÓò¼°·¿¼äºÅ
¶¯ÎïʵÑéÇøÓò
4. Ö°Ô±ÅàѵÇéÐÎ
5. ʵÑ鶯ÎïµÄÐÎò
Ʒϵ
ÐÔ±ð
ÄêËê
ÌåÖعæÄ£
Ô¤¼ÆÐèҪʹÓõĶ¯ÎïÊýÄ¿
¶¯ÎïËÇÑøÒªÇó
6. ÖÎÁƺͻ¤ÌêÍ·Éú¼²²¡¡¢éæÃü»òÆäËüÒ쳣״̬ʱ´¦Öóͷ£·½·¨
7. ÌÛÍ´Óë²»Êʼ¶±ðÆÀ¹À¼°Ô¤·À»º½âµÄ²½·¥
ÊÇ·ñÇÖÈëÐÔʵÑé
Âé×íÕòÍ´¼ÁÖÖÀà¡¢¼ÆÁ¿¼°Ê¹ÓÃÒªÁì
ÈÏÕæÊõºó»Ö¸´µÄÖ°Ô±
8. ÊÖÊõ
ÊÖÊõÀàÐÍ
Âé×í»òÕò¾²Ò©ÎïʹÓÃÇéÐÎ
ÊõºóÕչ˻¤Ê¿Ö°Ô±¼°³ÌÐò
9. ·ÇÒ©Æ·¼¶µÄÒ©ÎïʹÓÃ
10. ¶¯ÎïÓäÒÝËÀÒªÁì¼°ÆäËû´¦Öóͷ£ÒªÁì
11. СÎÒ˽¼ÒÇå¾²
12.ʵÑéÄÚÈݵÄÏêϸÐÎò
ʵÑéÎÊÌâ
Ä¿µÄÓëÄÚÈÝ
ÖÊÁÏÓëÒªÁì
¶¯ÎïʵÑé·Ö×é¼°¶¯ÎïÊýÄ¿µÄÒÀ¾Ý
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
IACUC ÓÐȨ¶ÔʵÑéÌá³öÖÕÖ¹»òÔÝÍ£µÄȨÁ¦¡£ÈκÎÖ´ÐеÄʵÑ鶯ÎïÏîÄ¿ÓÐÎ¥·´¶¯Î︣ÀûµÄÐÐΪ»òʵÑ飬IACUC ¾ùÓÐȨÖÕÖ¹»ò×÷·Ï£¬Òò´Ë¸Ã»ú¹¹¹ØÓÚ¶¯Î︣Àû°ü¹ÜÆð×ÅÖÁ¹ØÖ÷ÒªµÄ×÷Óá£
IACUC ͬʱ»¹ÐèÒª¶Ô¶¯Îï¿´»¤ºÍʹÓõÄÖ°Ô±¾ÙÐÐÅàѵ£¬È·±£ÉèÊ©ÄÚµÄʵÑ鶯Îï¾ùÇк϶¯ÎïÂ×Àí¡¢ÇкϹú¼Ò±ê×¼¡¢Õþ²ß¡¢Ö´ÂÉÀýÔò¼°Ö¸µ¼Îļþ¡£
¶¯Î︣ÀûÊǸöºÜ´ó¡¢ºÜÖصĻ°Ìâ¡£½ñÌì˵µÄÖ»ÊDZùɽһ½Ç¡£
ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬²¢²»ÊÇֻΪÁËÈÃÎÄÕÂÄܽÒÏþ²ÅÒªÈÏÕæÍýÏëʵÑ鶯ÎïµÄ¿´»¤¼°Ê¹Óá£
×÷ΪÌìÌìºÍʵÑ鶯Îï´ò½»µÀµÄʵÑ鶯ÎïÊÂÇéÕߣ¬Ó¦¸ÃʼÖÕ»³ÓÐÒ»¿ÅÕäÊÓÉúÃüµÄ¸Ð¶÷Ö®ÐÄ£¬ÈÏÕæ¿´´ýÿһ¸öΪ¿ÆѧÏ×ÉíµÄʵÑ鶯Î
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
1¡¢3RÔÔòÔÚҽѧ¶¯ÎïʵÑéÊÂÇéÖеÄÓ¦Ó㬡¶ÊµÑ鶯Îï¿Æѧ¡·£¬2010£¬27 (6) :84-85
2¡¢¹ØÓÚÉÆ´ýʵÑ鶯ÎïµÄÖ¸µ¼ÐÔÒâ¼û£¬¹ú¿ÆÅ×Ö¡²2006¡³398ºÅ
3¡¢Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare. Retrieved 30 October 2014.