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Fig 1. An overview of genes which have beenimplicated in Alzheimer¡¯s disease to date. [2]

ÖÎÁÆÇéÐÎ

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ÓÐÊý¾Ýͳ¼Æ £¬ÏÖÔÚ £¬È«Çò°¢¶û´Äº£Ä¬Ö¢»¼ÕßÖÁÉÙ´ï5000ÍòÈË £¬Çҳʱ¬·¢ÐÔÔöÌí £¬Ô¤¼Æµ½2050Ä꽫µÖ´ï1.5ÒÚÈË[2] ¡£¶øÔÚÖйú £¬°¢¶û´Äº£Ä¬²¡»¼ÕßÒ²Òѳ¬1000ÍòÈË £¬¾ÓÌìÏÂÊ×λ £¬ÇÒÿÄêÒÔ30ÍòÒÔÉϵÄз¢²¡ÀýÔöÌí ¡£

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APOE4ºÍTREM2 ¡£

APOE4ºÍAD

APOE»ùÒò±àÂëÒ»¸ö³ÆΪapoEµÄÖ¬ÂÑ°×Ôª£¨apolipoprotein) £¬Ö÷ÒªÔÚ¸ÎÔàºÍ´óÄÔÖбí´ï £¬Ö÷Òª¹¦Ð§ÊǼÓÈ뵨¹Ì´¼µÄÎüÊÕ £¬ºÏ³ÉºÍ·ÖÅÉ ¡£APOE»ùÒòÓÐÈýÖÖ³£¼ûµÄ±äÒìÐÍ £¬»®·ÖÊÇE2, E3ºÍE4±äÒìÐÍ £¬Ï໥֮¼ä £¬½öÓÐÒ»¸öºËÜÕËáµÄÇø±ð £¬ÏÖÔÚÒÑÈ·ÈÏAPOE»ùÒòE4±äÒìÊÇ×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÍíÄê³Õ´ô֢Σº¦±äÒì ¡£Ñо¿·¢Ã÷Я´øÒ»ÌõE4±äÒìµÄÈËȺ £¬î¾»¼ÍíÄê³Õ´ôÖ¢µÄΣº¦ÔöÌí3±¶ £¬¶øЯ´ø¶þÌõE4±äÒì £¬±§²¡Î£º¦ÔöÌí12±¶ ¡£²¢ÇÒЯ´øE4±äÒìµÄ»¼ÕßÖ¢×´·ºÆðµÃ¸üÄêÇá £¬²¡³ÌÉú³¤¸ü¿ì £¬ÄÔÖеĵí·ÛÑùÂÑ°×°ß¿éÒ²¸ü¶à¸ü´ó¸ü½áʵ[3¡¢4] ¡£

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Fig 2. APOE4 is a major genetic risk factorfor Alzheimer disease[3].

¹ØÓÚAPOE4µÄÖ²¡»úÖÆÑо¿ £¬ÓÉÓÚÏÖÔÚʵÑéСÊó¶àΪ½ü½»Ïµ £¬ºÜÄÑÕÒµ½¶ÔÓ¦ÈËÔ´µÄAPOE±äÒìÐÍ £¬Òò´Ëͨ³£½ÓÄÉתÈëÈËÔ´APOE2/3/4µÄСÊóÀ´Ñо¿APOE±äÒìºÍADµÄ¹Øϵ £¬ÏÖÔÚÖ²¡»úÀíÉÐδÓж¨ÂÛ ¡£ÓÐÑо¿Ê¹ÓÃP301S TauµÄСÊóΪÑо¿Åä¾° £¬ÆÊÎöAPOE2 £¬APOE3 £¬APOE4¶Ô¸ÃСÊóµÄÓ°Ïì £¬Ð§¹û·¢Ã÷ £¬Ïà¹ØÓÚAPOE2ºÍAPOE3 £¬APOE4»áÒýÆðÉñ¾­Ñ×Ö¢ £¬Ôö½øTauȺ¼¯ £¬½ø¶ø¶ñ»¯ÄÔ²¿Éñ¾­µÄήËõ[5] ¡£

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Fig 3. ApoE4 exacerbates neurodegenerationin P301S mice[5]. 

TREM2ºÍAD

Ëèϵϸ°û2Öбí´ï´¥·¢ÊÜÌ壨TREM2£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¿çĤÌÇÂÑ°× £¬Ö÷ÒªÔÚС½ºÖÊϸ°ûÉϱí´ï ¡£TREM2×÷Ϊ¹ÇËèϸ°ûÉϵÄÏÈÌìÃâÒßÊÜÌå £¬ÔÚÑ×Ö¢ºÍϸ°ûÍÌÊÉÖж¼ÓÐÖ÷Òª½ÇÉ« ¡£2013Ä꡶ÐÂÓ¢¸ñÀ¼Ò½Ñ§ÔÓÖ¾¡·µÄÖ÷ÒªÑо¿·¢Ã÷ijЩTREM2»ùÒò±äÒìÄܹ»ÏÔÖøÌá¸ß°¢¶û´Äº£Ä¬²¡µÄ»¼²¡Î£º¦[6] ¡£

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Fig 4. Cognition as a Function of Age inControls Who Were Carriers or Noncarriers of the rs75932628-T VariantAssociated with the Risk of Alzheimer¡¯s Disease[6].

TREM2ÆäÍ»±äÓëADΣº¦µÄÔöÌí¸ß¶È¹ØÁª £¬¿ÉÊǹØÓÚTREM2ÔõÑù¼ÓÈë²¢Ó°ÏìAD²¡ÀíÀú³ÌÉв»Ê®·ÖÇåÎú ¡£´íÒåÍ»±ärs75932628-TÕ¹ÍûµÄЧ¹ûÊÇR47H £¬Ñо¿·¢Ã÷ £¬ÔÚµí·ÛÑùÂÑ°×°ßÖÐ £¬TREM2ÊÇС½ºÖÊϸ°ûµÄÍÌÊɹ¦Ð§µÄÒªº¦ £¬R47HÍ»±ä»òÕßTREM2ȱʧ¶¼¿ÉÄܽµµÍTREM2µÄ»îÐÔ £¬Óк¦ÎïÖʵÄɨ³ýÄÜÁ¦Ï½µ £¬´Ó¶øÒýÆð´óÄÔËðÉË[7] ¡£

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Fig 5. Plaque-associatedmyeloid cells are reduced in mice expressing the Trem2 R47Hvariant[7].

ADµÄÑо¿³äÂúÌôÕ½ £¬´ÓµÚÒ»´ÎʹÓð¢¶û´Äº£Ä¬²¡ÕâÒ»Ãû´ÊÖÁ½ñ £¬ÒѾ­Ò»°Ù¶àÄêµÄʱ¼ä £¬¶øÎÒÃǹØÓÚ¼²²¡µÄÊìϤÈÔÈ»ºÜ´Ödz £¬¿ÉÊÇËæ×ÅÑо¿µÄÏ£Íû £¬ÎÒÃÇÒ²Ò»Ö±Ìá³öÁ˵í·ÛÂÑ°×¼¶Áª¼Ù˵ £¬TauÂÑ°×¼Ù˵ £¬APOE4¼Ù˵µÈµÈ ¡£ÄÏÄ£ÉúÎïÕë¶ÔÉÏÊö¼Ù˵ £¬×ÔÖ÷Ñз¢ÁËһϵÁÐСÊó £¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚADµÄ»úÖÆ̽Ë÷»òÒ©ÀíҩЧÑо¿ £¬Ä£×ÓÐÅÏ¢¼ûÏÂ±í£º

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Ï£ÍûÔÚδÀ´µÄijÌì £¬°¢¶û´Äº£Ä¬²¡Äܹ»±»¹¥¿Ë £¬ÓÅÃÀÓ°ÏóÄÜÓÀ´æ ¡£

References

[1] Alzheimers Res Ther. 2011 Jan 6;3(1):1.

[2] Eur J Neurol. 2018 Jan;25(1):59-70.

[3] Nat Rev Neurol. 2013 Feb; 9(2): 106¨C118.

[4] European Journal of Neurology 2018, 25: 59-70.

[5] Nature. 2017 September 28; 549(7673): 523¨C527.

[6] New England Journal of Medicine.2013:368, 107.

[7] Mol Neurodegener. 2018 Jun 1;13(1):29.

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