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Fig 1. An overview of genes which have beenimplicated in Alzheimer¡¯s disease to date. [2]
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APOE»ùÒò±àÂëÒ»¸ö³ÆΪapoEµÄÖ¬ÂÑ°×Ôª£¨apolipoprotein)£¬Ö÷ÒªÔÚ¸ÎÔàºÍ´óÄÔÖбí´ï£¬Ö÷Òª¹¦Ð§ÊǼÓÈ뵨¹Ì´¼µÄÎüÊÕ£¬ºÏ³ÉºÍ·ÖÅÉ¡£APOE»ùÒòÓÐÈýÖÖ³£¼ûµÄ±äÒìÐÍ£¬»®·ÖÊÇE2, E3ºÍE4±äÒìÐÍ£¬Ï໥֮¼ä£¬½öÓÐÒ»¸öºËÜÕËáµÄÇø±ð£¬ÏÖÔÚÒÑÈ·ÈÏAPOE»ùÒòE4±äÒìÊÇ×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÍíÄê³Õ´ô֢Σº¦±äÒì¡£Ñо¿·¢Ã÷Я´øÒ»ÌõE4±äÒìµÄÈËȺ£¬î¾»¼ÍíÄê³Õ´ôÖ¢µÄΣº¦ÔöÌí3±¶£¬¶øЯ´ø¶þÌõE4±äÒ죬±§²¡Î£º¦ÔöÌí12±¶¡£²¢ÇÒЯ´øE4±äÒìµÄ»¼ÕßÖ¢×´·ºÆðµÃ¸üÄêÇᣬ²¡³ÌÉú³¤¸ü¿ì£¬ÄÔÖеĵí·ÛÑùÂÑ°×°ß¿éÒ²¸ü¶à¸ü´ó¸ü½áʵ[3¡¢4]¡£
Fig 2. APOE4 is a major genetic risk factorfor Alzheimer disease[3].
¹ØÓÚAPOE4µÄÖ²¡»úÖÆÑо¿£¬ÓÉÓÚÏÖÔÚʵÑéСÊó¶àΪ½ü½»Ïµ£¬ºÜÄÑÕÒµ½¶ÔÓ¦ÈËÔ´µÄAPOE±äÒìÐÍ£¬Òò´Ëͨ³£½ÓÄÉתÈëÈËÔ´APOE2/3/4µÄСÊóÀ´Ñо¿APOE±äÒìºÍADµÄ¹Øϵ£¬ÏÖÔÚÖ²¡»úÀíÉÐδÓж¨ÂÛ¡£ÓÐÑо¿Ê¹ÓÃP301S TauµÄСÊóΪÑо¿Åä¾°£¬ÆÊÎöAPOE2£¬APOE3£¬APOE4¶Ô¸ÃСÊóµÄÓ°Ï죬Ч¹û·¢Ã÷£¬Ïà¹ØÓÚAPOE2ºÍAPOE3£¬APOE4»áÒýÆðÉñ¾Ñ×Ö¢£¬Ôö½øTauȺ¼¯£¬½ø¶ø¶ñ»¯ÄÔ²¿Éñ¾µÄήËõ[5]¡£
Fig 3. ApoE4 exacerbates neurodegenerationin P301S mice[5].
TREM2ºÍAD
Ëèϵϸ°û2Öбí´ï´¥·¢ÊÜÌ壨TREM2£©ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¿çĤÌÇÂÑ°×£¬Ö÷ÒªÔÚС½ºÖÊϸ°ûÉϱí´ï¡£TREM2×÷Ϊ¹ÇËèϸ°ûÉϵÄÏÈÌìÃâÒßÊÜÌ壬ÔÚÑ×Ö¢ºÍϸ°ûÍÌÊÉÖж¼ÓÐÖ÷Òª½ÇÉ«¡£2013Ä꡶ÐÂÓ¢¸ñÀ¼Ò½Ñ§ÔÓÖ¾¡·µÄÖ÷ÒªÑо¿·¢Ã÷ijЩTREM2»ùÒò±äÒìÄܹ»ÏÔÖøÌá¸ß°¢¶û´Äº£Ä¬²¡µÄ»¼²¡Î£º¦[6]¡£
Fig 4. Cognition as a Function of Age inControls Who Were Carriers or Noncarriers of the rs75932628-T VariantAssociated with the Risk of Alzheimer¡¯s Disease[6].
TREM2ÆäÍ»±äÓëADΣº¦µÄÔöÌí¸ß¶È¹ØÁª£¬¿ÉÊǹØÓÚTREM2ÔõÑù¼ÓÈë²¢Ó°ÏìAD²¡ÀíÀú³ÌÉв»Ê®·ÖÇåÎú¡£´íÒåÍ»±ärs75932628-TÕ¹ÍûµÄЧ¹ûÊÇR47H£¬Ñо¿·¢Ã÷£¬ÔÚµí·ÛÑùÂÑ°×°ßÖУ¬TREM2ÊÇС½ºÖÊϸ°ûµÄÍÌÊɹ¦Ð§µÄÒªº¦£¬R47HÍ»±ä»òÕßTREM2ȱʧ¶¼¿ÉÄܽµµÍTREM2µÄ»îÐÔ£¬Óк¦ÎïÖʵÄɨ³ýÄÜÁ¦Ï½µ£¬´Ó¶øÒýÆð´óÄÔËðÉË[7]¡£
Fig 5. Plaque-associatedmyeloid cells are reduced in mice expressing the Trem2 R47Hvariant[7].
ADµÄÑо¿³äÂúÌôÕ½£¬´ÓµÚÒ»´ÎʹÓð¢¶û´Äº£Ä¬²¡ÕâÒ»Ãû´ÊÖÁ½ñ£¬ÒѾһ°Ù¶àÄêµÄʱ¼ä£¬¶øÎÒÃǹØÓÚ¼²²¡µÄÊìϤÈÔÈ»ºÜ´Ödz£¬¿ÉÊÇËæ×ÅÑо¿µÄÏ£Íû£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ²Ò»Ö±Ìá³öÁ˵í·ÛÂÑ°×¼¶Áª¼Ù˵£¬TauÂÑ°×¼Ù˵£¬APOE4¼Ù˵µÈµÈ¡£ÄÏÄ£ÉúÎïÕë¶ÔÉÏÊö¼Ù˵£¬×ÔÖ÷Ñз¢ÁËһϵÁÐСÊ󣬿ÉÓÃÓÚADµÄ»úÖÆ̽Ë÷»òÒ©ÀíҩЧÑо¿£¬Ä£×ÓÐÅÏ¢¼ûÏÂ±í£º
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References
[1] Alzheimers Res Ther. 2011 Jan 6;3(1):1.
[2] Eur J Neurol. 2018 Jan;25(1):59-70.
[3] Nat Rev Neurol. 2013 Feb; 9(2): 106¨C118.
[4] European Journal of Neurology 2018, 25: 59-70.
[5] Nature. 2017 September 28; 549(7673): 523¨C527.
[6] New England Journal of Medicine.2013:368, 107.
[7] Mol Neurodegener. 2018 Jun 1;13(1):29.